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                <text>At some point, UGS decided to collect inventory regarding the history of each pavilion. We have collected a series of documents related to that information. The majority of this information has been translated in to the Probie Packets. </text>
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                  <text>Some of these articles revolve around the Guides Service. Others have been kept perhaps because guides were involved. Some have been found placed in scrapbooks, perhaps because they were funny or interesting to members of the service. We have placed them here, in case anyone ever comes looking. </text>
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                <text>Found in the 1990-1991 scrapbook. An article about the duty of the guides service, featured in the Cavalier Daily Lifestyle Section. </text>
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                <text>Written by Susan Weller</text>
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                  <text>Guides play an active role in interpreting and contextualizing important events at the University. </text>
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              <text>Hello Guides,&#13;
&#13;
Yesterday, Shoaibis alerted me of something they learned from KvD in Probie class that represents a fairly glaring mistake in our current historical information. This inspired me to send out an update with some common myths we perpetuate as an organization and what the historical truth is.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Thrimston Hern (s/o Shoaibis for letting me know):&#13;
&#13;
Thrimston Hern was not at the laying of the Cornerstone of the University. Hern was born in 1799 as a second-generation enslaved laborer at Monticello and contracted to work at the University as a skilled stonecutter in its construction phase. He was not, however, trained in stone cutting until several years after the laying of the cornerstone and therefore would not have been present. According to recent findings by the President's Commission on Slavery at the University in conjunction with Monticello, it is likely that there may have been very few enslaved people at the laying of the cornerstone. So, basically what you need to know is that it would be inappropriate to attribute the laying of the cornerstone to Thrmimston Hern based on recent findings.&#13;
&#13;
This should not minimize in anyone's minds the impact that enslaved laborers had on the construction of the University. Even in 1817 at the time of the the cornerstone laying, there were already dozens of enslaved laborers present terracing the Lawn and doing basic construction tasks.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Serpentine Walls:&#13;
&#13;
For a long time, we have told people the reason for the serpentine walls was because of the economizing of bricks, as they can be made one brick thick. This is based on the English tradition of Serpentine Walls (or crinkle crankle walls as they call it... lol) which began in the mid-1600's. While Jefferson may very well have been knowing and appreciative of the economical benefit of serpentine walls, recent findings suggest the primary motivation for the serpentine walls was to contain sound in the Gardens. From an acoustic standpoint, the serpentine nature of the walls kept sounds of the enslaved laborers working in the Gardens in, and kept the sounds of passing students in the alleys out of the Gardens. This is just another example of Jefferson very intentionally hiding the presence of enslaved laborers at the University and separating the white and enslaved communities. This can make for another great tidbit in a Garden slavery stop.&#13;
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Night of a Thousand Toasts / A Revolutionary Reunion:&#13;
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There are so many lies that some of us tell in this story that I feel obligated to dispel this myth again:&#13;
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&#13;
-This event was an afternoon reception from around 3-6pm and was not an all-night party.&#13;
&#13;
-They did not run out of red wine.&#13;
&#13;
-The Marquis de Lafayette did not toast Thomas Jefferson as "the father of the University of Virginia," (as Jefferson's epitaph reads), nor did he toast him as "founder" and in a translation error, accidentally refer to him as "father." There is no record of the words "founder" or "father" in Lafayette's speech.&#13;
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Do not tell lies on historical tours. Lying is bad. If you ever have questions about the historical validity of anything you say on your tours, please do not hesitate to email me. The historical scholarship on all of this stuff (especially slavery at the University) is constantly evolving. &#13;
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Historically Yours,</text>
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Otto Warmbier died on June 19, 2017, at the age of 22, just six days after he was evacuated from North Korea.&#13;
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              <text>1920’s- Infamous hate group called Ku Klux Klan (KKK) enjoys its peak membership, numbering&#13;
around 4 million nationwide.&#13;
1921- President Edwin Alderman accepts a gift from a local chapter of the KKK towards UVA of&#13;
$1000, which roughly translates to $13,000 with inflation.&#13;
1924 - A statue of Confederate general Robert E. Lee is erected in Charlottesville’s Lee Park&#13;
near today’s downtown area.&#13;
2012 - Charlottesville City Councilwoman Kristin Szakos, after hearing a lecture from historian&#13;
Edward Ayers on the challenges of what monuments say about past and present attitudes, asks&#13;
whether Charlottesville should continue to support Confederate monuments in parks, sparking&#13;
public debate.&#13;
2015 - Debates over Confederate flags and monuments in public places appear in many&#13;
Southern states. In Texas, the Supreme Court rules in favor of banning Confederate license&#13;
plates, and in South Carolina, debate appears after Charleston shooter Dylann Roof is revealed&#13;
to be a White nationalist.&#13;
Mar. 21, 2016 - Charlottesville mayor Mike Signer releases statement creating special task force&#13;
to investigate public opinions and options to resolve the Confederate statue issue. This&#13;
statement coincides with local high schooler Zyhana Bryant’s petition to remove the statue.&#13;
April 17, 2017 - Charlottesville City Council votes 3-2 to remove the Lee statue, with plans of&#13;
selling it to an educational institution, museum, or non-profit, and votes unanimously to rename&#13;
Lee Park (later renamed to Emancipation Park based on public submission). The city also&#13;
enacts plans to rename Jackson Park, named after Confederate general Thomas ‘Stonewall’&#13;
Jackson, to Justice Park.&#13;
March 24, 2017 - Virginia’s Sons of Confederate Veterans and 11 Charlottesville citizens sue&#13;
the City of Charlottesville to block the statue’s removal based on its status as a historical&#13;
landmark. The judge in the case later issues an injunction to delay the statue’s removal until a&#13;
further hearing in November.&#13;
March 31, 2017- Congressman Tom Garrett holds a town hall at Garrett Hall and Jason Kessler&#13;
and other white supremacists congregate outside, clashing with anti-Garrett protesters. Kessler,&#13;
a Charlottesville resident, has been on Grounds and petitioned for space to hold a white&#13;
supremacist rally on Grounds. Space is reserved for students and faculty.&#13;
May 14, 2017 - Torch-wielding protesters, led by White nationalist Richard Spencer, protest the&#13;
statue’s possible removal in Emancipation Park. The recurrence of public appearances and&#13;
rallies of white nationalists falls in line with what the Southern Poverty Law Center identifies as a&#13;
quantifiable rise in far-right extremism (i.e. neo-Nazism, white nationalism).&#13;
July 8, 2017 - roughly 50 members of the North Carolina chapter of the Ku Klux Klan gather in&#13;
Justice Park to protest the statue’s planned removal. They are met with roughly 1,000&#13;
counter-protesters, and the crowd is eventually disbanded by police forces using tear gas.&#13;
August 7, 2017 - Charlottesville City Council approves White nationalist Jason Kessler’s permit&#13;
for the ‘Unite the Right’ rally under the condition that it be moved from Emancipation Park to&#13;
McIntire Park, a less central location, for security reasons. That Friday, with the help of the&#13;
ACLU, a judge rules in Kessler’s favor, moving the protest back to Emancipation Park.&#13;
August 11, 2017 - Roughly 400 torch-wielding protesters march to the University Rotunda and&#13;
Lawn the night before the scheduled rally. They march to gather around the statue of Thomas&#13;
Jefferson on University Avenue, but are met by counter protesters encircling the statue. A fight&#13;
breaks out and police break up the crowd. President Teresa Sullivan later released a statement&#13;
saying that the alt-right white supremacists gave her administration “contradictory and&#13;
misleading details about events, locations, routes, and timing.”&#13;
9:00 am, August 12, 2017 - ‘ Unite the Right’ white supremacists begin gathering in McIntire&#13;
Park, and are met with growing crowds of counter protesters.&#13;
11:00 am, August 12, 2017 - Both groups move to Emancipation Park, where violence soon&#13;
erupts. After several barricades surrounding the event are knocked over and police are forced to&#13;
retreat, police forces declare the event an unlawful assembly and disperse the crowds by noon.&#13;
At this same time, the City of Charlottesville declares a state of emergency. Governor Terry&#13;
McAuliffe follows with his own declaration of a state of emergency about an hour after.&#13;
2:00 pm, August 12, 2017 - As small crowds of counter-protesters continue to demonstrate&#13;
downtown, a gray sports car drives head-on into a crowd of people. 19 people are injured, and&#13;
32-year-old Heather Heyer is killed. The police later detain the driver, who is currently being&#13;
charged with second-degree murder. The Department of Justice announces the next day they&#13;
will open a civil rights investigation into these actions as a hate crime.&#13;
5:00 pm, August 12, 2017 - A state trooper helicopter crashes while assessing security at the&#13;
ongoing protest. Two police officers, Lieutenant H. Jay Cullen and Trooper-Pilot Berke M.M.&#13;
Bates, were killed. The crash was caused by a ‘technical failure’ unrelated to the events of the&#13;
day.&#13;
August 13, 2017- An impromptu vigil is held at the site of the prior day’s fatal crash and&#13;
hundreds pay respect to the memory of Heather Heyer with flowers and messages of support.&#13;
August 16, 2017- Several thousand people participate in a march tracing the route of white&#13;
supremacists just days before. The vigil was spread solely through word of mouth and text&#13;
(avoiding social media) and galvanized thousands of community members, students, and&#13;
faculty.&#13;
August 21, 2017- Black Student Alliance, Minority Rights Coalition, and others hold “March to&#13;
Reclaim our Grounds” with space for students to speak and a list of demands for the&#13;
administration. President Teresa Sullivan is in attendance to hear demands as well as hundreds&#13;
of University community members.&#13;
Further resources for factual retelling of events:&#13;
Note: These do not include any of the spectacular opinion articles written by UVA students,&#13;
staff, alumni and civil rights thought leaders across the country. If you are looking for&#13;
recommendations to help bolster the way you wish to talk about this on tour, let me know. Also,&#13;
if there is information you cannot find reported, the University is conducting an audit to figure out&#13;
exactly what happened and how to adjust policy to prevent such events recurring in the future:&#13;
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/us/white-nationalists-rally-charlottesville-virginia.ht&#13;
ml&#13;
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/inside-a-day-of-violence-terror-in-charlottesvill&#13;
e/2017/08/15/d5fc63ec-81f4-11e7-9e7a-20fa8d7a0db6_story.html?utm_term=.27d8aa29&#13;
7558&#13;
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/13/us/charlottesville-rally-protest-statue.html&#13;
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/13/us/politics/charlottesville-sessions-justice-departme&#13;
nt.html?_r=0&#13;
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/after-charlottesville-colleges-reassessing-safet&#13;
y-plans/2017/08/21/0f67c696-8644-11e7-96a7-d178cf3524eb_story.html?utm_term=.de&#13;
a53613d7f9&#13;
- http://www.cavalierdaily.com/article/2017/08/thousands-denounce-recent-violence-with-c&#13;
andlelit-march-at-uva&#13;
- http://www.cavalierdaily.com/article/2017/08/sullivan-says-there-were-contradictory-andmisleading-&#13;
details-about-white-nationalist-torchlit-march&#13;
- http://www.cavalierdaily.com/article/2017/08/thousands-denounce-recent-violence-with-c&#13;
andlelit-march-at-uva</text>
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                <text>Tucker Wilson, Historian for the Guides Service at the time of these rallies, made up a timeline of the weekend as well as some underlying events leading up to the rally. He stated that "this timeline is meant to be a cursory understanding of these events, used to give tourists a brief rundown of these events. It also includes resources for further research on the topic" &#13;
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